An electronic cigarette, commonly known as an e-cigarette or vape, is a device that simulates tobacco smoking by producing an aerosol from a liquid, which the user inhales. Its design, while varying across models, fundamentally consists of several key components working in concert.
Core Components
- Battery: This is the power source, typically a rechargeable lithium-ion battery. It provides the energy needed to heat the atomizer. Battery capacity and voltage vary, influencing the device’s power output and lifespan between charges.
- Atomizer (Heating Element): The atomizer houses a heating coil (usually made of Kanthal, stainless steel, nickel, or titanium) and a wicking material (often cotton or silica). When activated, the coil heats up and vaporizes the e-liquid absorbed by the wick.
- Cartridge/Tank (E-liquid Reservoir): This component holds the e-liquid, also known as vape juice. It can be a disposable cartridge pre-filled with liquid or a refillable tank. The tank feeds e-liquid to the wicking material in the atomizer.
- Mouthpiece (Drip Tip): This is the part through which the user inhales the aerosol. Mouthpieces come in various shapes and materials to suit user preference.
- Sensor/Microprocessor: Many e-cigarettes incorporate a sensor that detects when the user inhales, automatically activating the battery. More advanced devices may include a microprocessor to control power output, temperature, and display information. Simpler devices might use a manual button to activate the battery.
Working Principle
The operation of an electronic cigarette is straightforward. When the user activates the device (either by inhaling or pressing a button), the battery supplies power to the atomizer. The heating coil within the atomizer rapidly heats up, causing the e-liquid saturated in the wicking material from the cartridge/tank to vaporize. This creates an aerosol, which is then drawn up through the mouthpiece and inhaled by the user. The microprocessor or sensor regulates this process, ensuring consistent vapor production and, in some devices, providing safety features.
